<p dir="ltr">Andrei,</p>
<p dir="ltr">there is a reasonable, credible, explainable entry card to the assembly of decision makers who award science grants in the billion € business of quantum information and unified simple explanations.</p>
<p dir="ltr">One may present a consistent, easy to understand, simple set of algorithms that in effect give a definition to the term 'information'. The extent so defined will make itself noticably effective in as many fields of observations of nature as can be pictured by natural numbers and counting. Some will use information based ledger accounting as the basic arithmetic tool in the field of physics, some in the field of genetics and ai.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The simple idea is to use a property of a number not unveiled so far. Let us call it 'positional advantages towards having a fixed place'. This is more or less a probability data set that is a more detailed description of a natural number than usual. One can extract these attributes of natural numbers by simple sorting algorithms. </p>
<p dir="ltr">Doing some combinatorics with these elements one will see that some predictions are able to come into existence, some definitely not and then some that are unknown; all in dependence of how many and which one assumes to be already in existence of the elements. We build a huge addition table in which not every a adds up with every b into a c. This is governed by the mentioned position-dependent attributes.</p>
<p dir="ltr">Now when counting the certainity of what will not come into existence, based on what is presently not in existence, one has a (1-p) mirror image of the traditional knowledge; the background to 0 is 1, to white black. By making the one dimensional counting into a moredimensional counting (which we do by enumerating the steps of the cycle in the permutation that distinguishes e.g. a+b from b+a) we have not only white known yes and black known no, but also several shades of grey possible. This has a numeric extent. The extent can be condensed into a definite position in a sequence or can be present as a collection of predictions what can be where and when, and share a co-presence with what. Information is the description of what is not the case.</p>
<p dir="ltr">This is a basic arithmetic tool. To use it, one has to drop the doctrine of commutativity and utilise the difference that is visible between a+b=c and b+a=c. </p>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 13 Nov 2016 10:50, "Andrei Khrennikov" <<a href="mailto:andrei.khrennikov@lnu.se">andrei.khrennikov@lnu.se</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"> Dear all,<br>
I make the last remark about "physical information". The main problem of quantum physics is to justify so called<br>
IRREDUCIBLE QUANTUM RANDOMNESS (IQR). It was invented by von Neumann. Quantum randomness, in contrast to classical,<br>
cannot be reduced to variations in an ensemble. One single electron is irreducibly random.<br>
<br>
The operational Copenhagen interpretation cannot "explain" the origin of IQR, since it does not even try to explain anything,<br>
"Shut up and calculate!" (R. Feynman to his students). Nevertheless, many top experts in QM want some kind of "explanation". The informational approach to QM is one<br>
of such attempts. Roughly speaking, one tries to get IQR from fundamental notion of "physical information" as the basic blocks of Nature.<br>
<br>
This is very important activity, since nowadays IQR has huge technological value, the quantum random generators are justified through IQR. And this is billion Euro<br>
project.<br>
<br>
Finally, to check experimentally the presence of IQR, we have to appeal to violation of Bell's inequality. And here (!!!) to proceed we have to accept the existence of<br>
FREE WILL. Thus finally the cognitive elements appears, but in very surprisingly<br>
setting....<br>
<br>
Yours, andrei<br>
<br>
Andrei Khrennikov, Professor of Applied Mathematics,<br>
Int. Center Math Modeling: Physics, Engineering, Economics, and Cognitive Sc.<br>
Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden<br>
My RECENT BOOKS:<br>
<a href="http://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/p1036" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.worldscientific.<wbr>com/worldscibooks/10.1142/<wbr>p1036</a><br>
<a href="http://www.springer.com/in/book/9789401798181" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.springer.com/in/<wbr>book/9789401798181</a><br>
<a href="http://www.panstanford.com/books/9789814411738.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.panstanford.com/<wbr>books/9789814411738.html</a><br>
<a href="http://www.cambridge.org/cr/academic/subjects/physics/econophysics-and-financial-physics/quantum-social-science" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.cambridge.org/cr/<wbr>academic/subjects/physics/<wbr>econophysics-and-financial-<wbr>physics/quantum-social-science</a><br>
<a href="http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642051005" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.springer.com/us/<wbr>book/9783642051005</a><br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>__________<br>
From: Fis [<a href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es">fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es</a>] on behalf of John Collier [<a href="mailto:Collierj@ukzn.ac.za">Collierj@ukzn.ac.za</a>]<br>
Sent: Saturday, November 12, 2016 9:19 PM<br>
To: <a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net</a>; 'Alex Hankey'; 'FIS Webinar'<br>
Subject: Re: [Fis] Is quantum information the basis of spacetime?<br>
<br>
More on Quantum information and emergent spacetime, this time by Erik P. Verlinde:<br>
Emergent Gravity and the Dark Universe<<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.02269" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">https://arxiv.org/<wbr>abs/1611.02269</a>><br>
<br>
There is a less formal review at<br>
<a href="http://m.phys.org/news/2016-11-theory-gravity-dark.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://m.phys.org/news/2016-<wbr>11-theory-gravity-dark.html</a><br>
<br>
I consider the idea very speculative, as I have seen no work on information within a spacetime boundary except for this sort of work.<br>
<br>
Of course, meaning need not apply. I doubt that it is bounded by language, but it at least has to be representational. Perhaps more is also required. I am reluctant to talk of meaning when discussing the semiotics of biological chemicals, for example, but could not find a better word. A made up word like Deacon’s “entention” might work best, but it still would not apply to the physics cases, even though the information in the boundaries in all cases but the internal information one can tell you about the spacetime structure within the boundary. That seems to me that it is like smoke to fire: smoke doesn’t mean fire, despite the connection.<br>
<br>
John Collier<br>
Emeritus Professor and Senior Research Associate<br>
Philosophy, University of KwaZulu-Natal<br>
<a href="http://web.ncf.ca/collier" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://web.ncf.ca/collier</a><br>
<br>
From: Fis [mailto:<a href="mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es">fis-bounces@listas.<wbr>unizar.es</a>] On Behalf Of Loet Leydesdorff<br>
Sent: Saturday, 12 November 2016 9:29 PM<br>
To: 'Alex Hankey' <<a href="mailto:alexhankey@gmail.com">alexhankey@gmail.com</a>>; 'FIS Webinar' <<a href="mailto:Fis@listas.unizar.es">Fis@listas.unizar.es</a>><br>
Subject: Re: [Fis] Is quantum information the basis of spacetime?<br>
<br>
Dear Alex and colleagues,<br>
<br>
Thank you for the reference; but my argument was about “meaning”. “Meaning” can only be considered as constructed in language. Other uses of the word are metaphorical. For example, the citation to Maturana.<br>
<br>
Information, in my opinion, can be defined content-free (a la Shannon, etc.) and then be provided with meaning in (scholarly) discourses. I consider physics as one among other scholarly discourses. Specific about physics is perhaps the universalistic character of the knowledge claims. For example: “Frieden's points apply to quantum physics<br>
as well as classical physics.“ So what? This seems to me a debate within physics without much relevance for non-physicists (e.g., economists or linguists).<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Loet<br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>__<br>
Loet Leydesdorff<br>
Professor, University of Amsterdam<br>
Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<br>
<a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net</a> <mailto:<a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net</a>> ; <a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.leydesdorff.net/</a><br>
Associate Faculty, SPRU, <<a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/</a><wbr>> University of Sussex;<br>
Guest Professor Zhejiang Univ.<<a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.zju.edu.cn/<wbr>english/</a>>, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, ISTIC, <<a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/<wbr>brief_en.html</a>> Beijing;<br>
Visiting Professor, Birkbeck<<a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.bbk.ac.uk/</a><wbr>>, University of London;<br>
<a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://scholar.google.com/<wbr>citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&<wbr>hl=en</a><br>
<br>
From: Alex Hankey [mailto:<a href="mailto:alexhankey@gmail.com">alexhankey@gmail.com</a>]<br>
Sent: Saturday, November 12, 2016 8:07 PM<br>
To: Loet Leydesdorff; FIS Webinar<br>
Subject: Re: [Fis] Is quantum information the basis of spacetime?<br>
<br>
Dear Loet and Fis Colleagues,<br>
<br>
Are you aware of Roy Frieden's<br>
'Physics from Fisher Information'.<br>
His book was published in the 1990s.<br>
I consider it a very powerful statement.<br>
<br>
Ultimately everything we can detect at<br>
both macroscopic and microscopic levels<br>
depends on information production from<br>
a quantum level that forms Fisher Information.<br>
<br>
Frieden's points apply to quantum physics<br>
as well as classical physics.<br>
<br>
Best wishes,<br>
<br>
Alex Hankey<br>
<br>
<br>
On 12 November 2016 at 18:56, Loet Leydesdorff <<a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">loet@leydesdorff.net</a><mailto:<a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net">l<wbr>oet@leydesdorff.net</a>>> wrote:<br>
Dear Marcus,<br>
<br>
When considering things in terms of "functional significance" one must confront the need to address "meaning" in terms of both the living and the physical . . . and their necessarily entangled nature.<br>
<br>
“Meaning” is first a linguistic construct; its construction requires interhuman communication. However, its use in terms of the living and/or the physical is metaphorical. Instead of a discourse, one can this consider (with Maturana) as a “second-order consensual domain” that functions AS a semantic domain without being one; Maturana (1978, p. 50):<br>
<br>
“In still other words, if an organism is observed in its operation within a second-order consensual domain, it appears to the observer as if its nervous system interacted with internal representations of the circumstances of its interactions, and as if the changes of state of the organism were determined by the semantic value of these representations. Yet all that takes place in the operation of the nervous system is the structure-determined dynamics of changing relations of relative neuronal activity proper to a closed neuronal network.”<br>
<br>
Failing to "make that connection" simply leaves one with an explanatory gap. And then, once connected, a further link to "space-time" is also easily located . . .<br>
<br>
Yes, indeed: limiting the discussion to the metaphors instead of going to the phore (that is, language and codification in language) leaves one with an explanatory gap. Quantum physics, for example, is a highly specialized language in which “mass” and “information” are provided with meanings different from classical physics.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Loet<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
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Alex Hankey M.A. (Cantab.) PhD (M.I.T.)<br>
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2015 JPBMB Special Issue on Integral Biomathics: Life Sciences, Mathematics and Phenomenological Philosophy<<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00796107/119/3" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://www.<wbr>sciencedirect.com/science/<wbr>journal/00796107/119/3</a>><br>
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</blockquote></div></div>