<p dir="ltr">not in Italian but in full concordance with what Rico ha dito:<br>
information as a concept lies behind all and each of the ways of looking at the world. Whatever the picture, it has a background to it.<br>
Could it be that a description of the background is common to each and all of the pictures one makes of the world?</p>
<p dir="ltr">Rational thinking has always been cautious and only permitted speaking about what is clearly delineated. All other is art.<br>
Now we see that Nature is not that well educated in rhetoric, and makes allusions also to that what is the background in our imagination. She simply does not use our perspectives and our bifurcations. She uses background and foreground concurrently and plays with interferences between the two.</p>
<p dir="ltr">The general answer to "and relative to what?" is non-existence as such, the background sui generis. That, to which everything else is different, just like the thing as such has something common with everything else. The general idea of how different a background is to the foreground shown/known could well be the root for the concept of information. That what we know, what is the case, is no information. Information is how that what is the case differs from what is not the case. <br>
Karl<br>
</p>
<div class="gmail_quote">On 9 Apr 2016 16:56, "Francesco Rizzo" <<a href="mailto:13francesco.rizzo@gmail.com">13francesco.rizzo@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br type="attribution"><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Cari Tutti,<div>il concetto o significato di informazione è unico, quel che varia è il modo di qualificarlo o quantificarlo in ragione dei diversi tipi o categorie di informazione: naturale o termodinamica, genetica, semantica e matematica. E questo lo dico da studioso di economia della scienza o dell'esistenza, non da studioso di esistenza o della scienza economica.</div><div>Un abbraccio, non solo fisico, ma anche emo-ra-zionale.</div><div>Francesco</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">2016-04-09 12:21 GMT+02:00 Loet Leydesdorff <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" target="_blank">loet@leydesdorff.net</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div bgcolor="white" lang="EN-US" link="blue" vlink="purple"><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">Dear Pedro, <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><div><span><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">I disagree about putting "meaning" outside the scope of natural sciences. </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:#44546a"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></span><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">I doubt that anybody on this list would disagree about using the metaphor of meaning in the natural sciences. <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">Maturana (1978, p. 49): “</span>In still other words, if an organism is observed in its operation within a second-order consensual domain, it appears to the observer as if its nervous system interacted with internal representations of the circumstances of its interactions, and as if the changes of state of the organism were determined by the semantic value of these representations. Yet all that takes place in the operation of the nervous system is the structure-determined dynamics of changing relations of relative neuronal activity proper to a closed neuronal network.”<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><a href="http://www.enolagaia.com/M78BoL.html#Descriptions" target="_blank">http://www.enolagaia.com/M78BoL.html#Descriptions</a> <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">In other context, Maturana used the concept of “languaging”.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">My point is about the <i>differentia specifica</i> of inter-human communication which assumes a next-order contingency of expectations structured by “horizons of meaning” (Husserl). One needs a specific (social-science) set of theories and methods to access this domain, in my opinion. In concrete projects, one can try to operationalize in terms of the information sciences / information theory. One can also collaborate “interdisciplinarily” at the relevant interface, notably with the computer sciences. The use of metaphors in other disciplines, however, cannot be denied.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">This is just a reaction; I had one penny left this week. </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#44546a">J</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a">Loet<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546a"><u></u> <u></u></span></p></div></div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>
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