<div dir="ltr">Nikhil -- Leaving aside details of hierarchical structure, I point out, concerning economics:<div><br></div><div>It seems that you have in mind a global economic system in your planning. Is that so? I think that the current global capitalist system would need to be eschewed. </div><div><br></div><div>Then, this also would seem to involve a world government, placing the types of agriculture in their optimal regions, etc.</div><div><br></div><div>Alternative;y, perhaps your system might function on an island like Australia?</div><div><br></div><div>STAN</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Thu, Dec 17, 2015 at 3:52 AM, Nikhil Joshi <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:nikhil.joshi@lifel.org" target="_blank">nikhil.joshi@lifel.org</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word"><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px">Dear All, </font></div><div style="text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px">The research presented here is focused on gleaning insights leading to new solutions to the economics vs ecosystem conflict. <font><span>The roots of many of our problems in ecological </span>sustainability<span> lie in the fact that our socio-economic systems are largely focused on </span>fulfilling<span> only human needs and the needs of human organizations. In doing so, as pointed out by Pedro, Bob, </span>Francesco<span> and others in this group our economics largely ignores the productive value of our ecosystems and the true costs of our development on our life supporting living systems. </span></font><span> </span></font></div><div><span style="text-align:justify;font-size:14px"><font face="Times New Roman"><br></font></span></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><span style="text-align:justify">I term such a society as a “shallow society”, a society that is focused on the development of a single species and largely ignores the value of its own life-supporting living systems. </span><span style="text-align:justify">With global population predicted to grow to 9 billion people, the next level of human development requires a transition of human society from being a “shallow society” that is only focused on only human needs to what I call a “deep society”. </span></font><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px;text-align:justify">A deep society is a society that includes all living systems in its development. </span></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><span style="text-align:justify"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><span style="text-align:justify">In this view, a deep society is not only focused on needs of human beings and their organizations but its development models also include development of the entire gamut of life-supporting living systems. </span><span style="text-align:justify"><span>Such a society grows not by exploiting the resources of a living planet, but also it possesses the capability to nurture, grow and actively manage a “living planet” (and </span>perhaps<span> seed life on </span>other<span> planets as well). Human development in the future will require the creation of new capabilities </span>to develop models leading to a deep society<span>. The question then is- can we develop systems that will enable a fair-value reciprocity and exchange between living ecosystems and economic systems?</span></span></font></div><div><p style="margin:0px 0px 6px;text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><br></font></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 6px;text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><span>While, the notion that economics does not </span>adequately<span> value natural systems has been highlighted by many researchers in the field of ecological economics. Ideas on how natural systems can be understood, valued and integrated into economics have remained elusive. A multilevel view (like the one presented here) allows one</span><span> to compare socio-economic organizations with natural organizations and could also provide new insights into how the dynamics of natural ecosystems could be </span>synergised with economic systems. </font></p><p style="margin:0px 0px 6px;text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">The model presented in the kick-off session shows </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-size:14px">two levels of energetically and materially coupled exchange networks in ecosystems. At the first level of exchange networks geochemical molecules are organized into different autotrophic species, and modulated by Mycorrhiza (level 1). Different autotrophic species then become food for the different heterotrophic species hence giving rise to the next higher level of exchange networks in ecosystems, modulated by gut bacterial networks (Level 2). The question then is- how does nature organize to build-in synergies between these two levels?</span></p><p style="text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><u></u><u></u></font></p><p style="text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px">At level 1, Mycorrhiza networks are known to modulate growth rates across different autotrophic species by providing phosphorous to different autotrophic species in quantitative exchange for carbohydrates. Autotrophic species (or groups of autotrophic species) that provide more carbohydrate hence get more phosphorous. Hence carbohydrates play a role in influencing phosphorous allocation across different autotrophic species connected to a Mycorrhiza network. At the next higher level in the exchange networks between different autotrophic species and different heterotrophic species gut bacteria use carbohydrates to modulate growth rates in heterotrophic species. Hence carbohydrates seem to play a role both in influencing dynamics in exchange networks at level 1, as well as in influencing dynamics in exchange networks at level 2.</font></p><p style="text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><u></u><u></u></font></p><p style="text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span style="font-size:14px">Could such an organization where carbohydrates are a common influencing factor in exchanges at both levels serve to align both levels towards increasing overall carbohydrate production in ecosystems (hence increasing the overall primary production in ecosystems) by synergizing dynamics across both levels (and two different modulator networks)?</span></i><span style="font-size:14px"> </span></font></p><p style="text-align:justify"><font face="Times New Roman"><i style="font-size:14px">Could this two-level role of carbohydrates provide new insights on aligning the third level of exchange networks (and our financial investment networks) with underling ecosystem exchange networks at level 1 and 2? </i></font></p><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px">At this stage, these and other ideas presented here require much further assessment and development. Nevertheless, at this early stage of development they seem to provide a different vantage to view multilevel living systems. Can multilevel research help in uncovering new ideas and insights to understand multilevel systems, and align economics and ecosystems?</font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><br></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:14px">Your views, comments and feedback are much appreciated. </span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:14px"><br></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:14px">Thanking you,</span></font></div><div><br></div><div><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:14px">Warm regards, </span></font></div><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888"><div><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:14px"><br></span></font></div><div><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:14px">Nikhil Joshi</span></font></div></font></span></div></div><br>_______________________________________________<br>
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