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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Dear Marcus,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Yes, that is the idea!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><h1><span style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.05251">The Self-Organization of Meaning and the Reflexive Communication of Information</a><o:p></o:p></span></h1><p class=MsoNormal>Loet Leydesdorff, Alexander Petersen, and Inga A. Ivanova<span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=3 cellpadding=0 summary="Additional metadata"><tr><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal>Following a suggestion of Warren Weaver, we extend the Shannon model of communication piecemeal into a complex systems model in which communication is differentiated both vertically and horizontally. This model enables us to bridge the divide between Niklas Luhmann's theory of the self-organization of meaning in communications and empirical research using information theory. First, we distinguish between communication relations and correlations between patterns of relations. The correlations span a vector space in which relations are positioned and thus provided with meaning. Second, positions provide reflexive perspectives. Whereas the different meanings are integrated locally, each instantiation opens horizons of meaning that can be codified along eigenvectors of the communication matrix. The next-order specification of codified meaning can generate redundancies (as feedback on the forward arrow of entropy production). The horizontal differentiation among the codes of communication enables us to quantify the creation of new options as mutual redundancy. Increases in redundancy can then be measured as local reduction of prevailing uncertainty (in bits). The generation of options can also be considered as a hallmark of the knowledge-based economy: new knowledge provides new options. Both the communication-theoretical and the operational (information-theoretical) perspectives can thus be further developed. <span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Preprint available at <a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.05251">http://arxiv.org/abs/1507.05251</a> <span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p></td><td style='padding:.75pt .75pt .75pt .75pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'>Loet<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><hr size=3 width="100%" align=center></span></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Loet Leydesdorff </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Professor Emeritus,</span></i><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> University of Amsterdam<br>Amsterdam School of Communication Research (ASCoR)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net" title="mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>loet@leydesdorff.net </span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>; </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.leydesdorff.net/" title="http://www.leydesdorff.net/"><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>http://www.leydesdorff.net/</span></a></span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'> <br></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Honorary Professor, </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.sussex.ac.uk/spru/"><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>SPRU, </span></a></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>University of Sussex; <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Guest Professor </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.zju.edu.cn/english/"><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Zhejiang Univ.</span></a></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>, Hangzhou; Visiting Professor, </span><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.istic.ac.cn/Eng/brief_en.html"><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>ISTIC, </span></a></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Beijing;<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Visiting Professor, </span><a name="_GoBack"></a><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="http://www.bbk.ac.uk/"><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>Birkbeck</span></a></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>, University of London; <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><a href="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en"><span style='font-size:9.0pt'>http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=ych9gNYAAAAJ&hl=en</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#44546A'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> Fis [mailto:fis-bounces@listas.unizar.es] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Marcus Abundis<br><b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 14, 2015 6:38 PM<br><b>To:</b> fis@listas.unizar.es<br><b>Subject:</b> [Fis] Shannon-Weavers' Levels A, B, C.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>RE Mark Johnson's post of Thu Oct 1 09:47:13 on Bateson and imagination . . .<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'> – Me Too!<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>RE Loet & Stan's postings beginning Thu Oct 1 21:19:50 . . . <o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>> I suggest to distinguish between three levels (following Weaver): <<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>> A. (Shannon-type) information processing ; <<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>> B. meaning sharing using languages;<<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>> C. translations among coded communications.<<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>> So, here we have a subsumptive hierarchy"<<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>I was wondering if this note means to imply an *all inclusive* list of traits to be considered in modeling information? Or, alternatively . . . what would such an all inclusive list look like?<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'>Thanks!<o:p></o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><div><div><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='margin-left:.5in;outline:0px;border-spacing:0px'><tr style='height:22.5pt;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><td width=187 valign=bottom style='width:103.6pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:22.5pt;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:13.5pt'><span style='font-size:1.0pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr><tr style='outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><td width=187 valign=bottom style='width:103.6pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0><tr><td width=1 valign=top style='width:.3pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='vertical-align:baseline'><b><span style='font-size:13.5pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif";color:#333333'>Marcus Abundis<o:p></o:p></span></b></p></div><div style='margin-top:2.25pt;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><p class=MsoNormal style='vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Helvetica","sans-serif"'>about.me/marcus.abundis<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></td></tr><tr style='outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><td width=1 valign=top style='width:.3pt;padding:6.0pt 0in 0in 0in;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right;background:#C5D0E0;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-family:"inherit","serif"'><img border=0 width=88 height=4 id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://d13pix9kaak6wt.cloudfront.net/signature/colorbar.png"><o:p></o:p></span></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:0%;vertical-align:baseline'><span style='font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"inherit","serif";color:#333333'> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></td></tr><tr style='height:15.0pt;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'><td width=187 valign=bottom style='width:103.6pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:15.0pt;outline:0px;font-style:inherit'></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><o:p> </o:p></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></body></html>