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</xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Dear FIS colleagues ... and Professor Chuan Zhao, in particular:<br><br>At the outset, I wholeheartedly support Chuan's infectious enthusiasm for intelligence sciences. I have been a member on this list since 2011 and only now am motivated to comment on a topic of mutual interest.<br> <br> I recently mentioned a concern that intelligence sciences take into account evolutionary and developmental issues. To this, I would add that intelligence sciences also must show more rigorous concerns for parsimony ... going well beyond Ockham's razor that, in the context of extant sciences and technologies, is overly simplistic (Smith, 1983).<br> <br> Let me provide some background for these comments in order to shed light on what I perceive are bigger pictures. Perhaps the biggest picture is that intelligences develop and evolve in nature and, importantly, nature is not STUPID! [NB: This is NOT an argument for "intelligent design"!!!]<br></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">My initial foray into intelligence sciences began with my doctoral dissertation under Stanford University Professors Patrick Suppes and Richard C. Atkinson. It dealt with an online computer-assisted instruction (CAI/CBI) program to teach elementary sentential logic to middle school students in the </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Palo Alto</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> (and nearby) unified school districts (Smith, 1973). The underlying "intelligence" involved an "axiom-based” proof-checker for analyzing (and correcting) student responses. A fascinating finding was that some students provided unanticipated proofs that the Logic Teacher program "learned." This taught me that intelligence systems always must be capable of learning and "self-instruction" ... as occurs in the human teachers whose intelligence and behaviors I was modeling.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">My second foray into intelligence sciences involved a simple attempt at modeling dialogues in conflict mediation and instruction (Smith, 1973). A computer model was crafted to determine how and when to enter a dialogue between two or more entities (i.e., man and/or machines) in three situations. One situation involved the computer as instructor (as in classroom instruction). A second situation involved non-conflict dialogues. The third situation involved conflicts in dialogues. A central teaching in this study involved the crucial role of 'syntaxes of discourses'. [NB: It should not escape one’s notice that the OMBUSDMAN was a somewhat simplified model of intelligences required in Turing tests.]</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">I should note, in passing, that the OMBUDSMAN generated my foundational interest in “browsing” (Smith, 1982). Working with my UCSB undergraduate student Phillip Karlton (in 1973), we explored the metaphorical challenges of artificial intelligence “browsing” programs modeling a butterfly ‘flittering about’ and pseudo-randomly seeking honey while pollinating plants. Karlton subsequently earned a PhD in computer sciences from </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Carnegie</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">Mellon</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span><span style="font-family:Arial">University</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> and was an early employee at Netscape prior to his untimely accidental death.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">My next foray into intelligence studies came about because of a UCSF requirement (as a UCSF medical student) to produce a one-unit credit independent study on the molecular biology of long-term memory. In experiments with Dr. Arthur Löve (now a professor at the </span><span style="font-family:Arial">University</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> of </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">Iceland</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">) in Professor Stanley Prusiner’s UCSF laboratories, we </span><span style="font-family:
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mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
JA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">affirmed my hypotheses</span> that thyroxine could “speed up” scrapie infectivity and methimazole could “slow down” scrapie infectivity in Syrian Golden hamsters. We rejected Prusiner’s hypotheses that scrapie infectivity would be affected by Syrian Golden hamster diets of avitaminosis A, avitaminosis C and avitaminosis E. Our finding provided indirect evidence that scrapie could be a ‘gene’ (cf. Pattison and Jones, 1967; Pattison and Jones, 1968; Pattison, 1982). When taken in the context of research on slow infections in Icelandic sheep (Sigurdsson,1954a; Sigurdsson,1954b; Sigurdsson, 1954c), transposons (McClintock,), immunoglobulin hyper-variability (Tonegawa et al., 1978), and an observation by Linus Pauling that brains store more vitamin C than other organs (Pauling, personal communication in 1977), I then inferred that DNA most likely is the repository of long-term memories in brains in living systems ([LTM], Smith, 1979). [NB:Axel's and Buck's subsequent research on odorant memories (Buck and Axel, 1991) provide further support for my hypothesis.] A testable prediction was that selected regions of brain would reveal increasing G*C <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal">::</b> A*T base-pair ratios. [NB: This would be an <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">a priori</i></b> finding when compared to <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">a posteriori</i></b> neural networking (cf. Chuan’s remarks about Eric Kandel’s profoundly important <b><i>a posteriori</i></b> research on aplysia).] A second prediction was that immune dementia were a distinct possibility. [NB: This prediction proved to true in 1981 with discoveries of GRIDS, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">lav</i>, and, subsequently HIV/AIDS (Smith, 1983; Smith et al., 1984a, Smith et al., 1984b; Smith, 1984; Smith, 1985; cf. Smith RD, 1984). It also should not escape one's attention that visna/maedi is the sheep equivalent of HIV, Johne's disease is a sheep equivalent of an opportunistic disorder as was Jaagziekte (cf. Smith, 2001). </span><span style="font-family:
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mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
JA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Thus, Sigurdsson’s findings reveal AIDS-like disorders as early as 1933!</span>]</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">In citing possibilities that DNA molecules likely are repositories of LTM, one should not overlook the evolutionary implications for intelligence sciences. To wit, intelligences … whether in cells, organelles (e.g., mitochondria; et al.), phyla, species, etc …will have evolved beginning “syntropically” with the earliest biological molecules (Smith, 2011). Nor should one overlook ways “nature” avails itself to parsimonious opportunities and creates novel parsimonious possibilities. Importantly, the evolution of symmetry is unlikely to be a necessary or sufficient finding. Even entropy and syntropy need not be symmetrical.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Now to the matters of critical thinking, common sense and aberrant common sense. In a "math lab" (for both remedial instruction and math enrichment) in 1985 at a </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Sunnyvale</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">California</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> elementary school, I observed several students who, I perceived, lacked "common sense." My perception was based on their error responses to various mathematics and other questions. I mentioned this to the school librarian. She mentioned that those same students exhibited difficulties in reading. I then mentioned this to the school principal who advised that we discuss our findings in a parent-teacher conference. To my astonishment, each of the parents were "negative" ... about themselves and their kids. This experience provided the foundations for my research on common sense (Smith, 1988; Smith, 2007; Smith, 2008).<br> <br> I then hypothesized (based on Piaget's and Inhelder's theories on the development of logical reasoning) that negativism could be a transmissible "psychovirus" that interrupted or disturbed the development of logical reasoning. [NB: I studied other “psychoviruses” too (1987; Smith, 1992).] My subsequent research across phyla and species reveals both evolutionary and developmental bases for common sense. Indeed, at a molecular level, I recently patented devices and methods designed to elucidate and explicate, among other matters, how stress et al. <i>effectively</i> can alter molecular logics (e..g., because selected common viruses <i>effectively</i> can change the genetic code; Smith and Shadel, 2010; Smith, 2015). [NB: <i>Effectively</i> is italicized because the actual molecular mechanism is that the stress-activated viruses secondarily deploy selected transmissible and infectious small RNAs that, in turn, contribute to mistranscribed and/or mistranslated epigenetic byproducts (i.e., a process of 'autovirulence'; Smith, 1984; Smith, 2003a; Smith, 2003b; Smith, 2009).] In short, whereas psychoviruses may contribute to chaotic behavioral outcomes, stress-activated epigenetic molecular outcomes may contribute to immediate and/or downstream pathological responses. I mention these possibilities to underscore a need to appreciate parsimonious and intelligence issues associated with both the normal and pathological.<br> <br> As an aside, I presently am drafting a manuscript entitled "Common Sense, Aberrant Common Sense and Chaos: Learning from Ebola in </span><span style="font-family:Arial">West Africa</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, Measles Vaccinations, and IPIS/ISIL." Ebola is cited to underscore chaotic consequences of nascent and poor knowledge. Measles Vaccinations will illustrate stupidites associated with vaccine “deniers.” ISIS/ISIL hopefully can make a case for teaching (disciplinarily) common sense (developmentally).<br> <br> Bottom line: I do not believe that intelligence is static and/or merely "logical" (in any mathematical sense). Indeed, as I anticipate cosmological (interplanetary and other) travel, I anticipate needs for unexpected and unanticipated evolutionary and developmental changes in "intelligence." I even advised selected members of NASA research teams that planned travel to Mars by humans should not overlook possibilities that stress-activated disorders could profoundly alter any planned agenda. The underlying message was that intelligence sciences must be sufficiently well-developed for both normal and pathological responses involving interplanetary travel, etc.<br> <br> One last point. As I contemplated Chuan's and others' interests, I realized that in order to explicate intelligence sciences, one could benefit from concrete attempts to disambiguate features of allopathic, ayuvedic and traditional medicines <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">across cultures</i></b> ... at sea level and at high altitudes. The syntactic, semantic, semiotic and other issues will thoroughly 'shake-out' any underlying scholarly issues. And, regarding parsimony, intelligence sciences could shed light on parsimony associated with normal (say, genetic) processes in contrast to aberrant (say, selected epigenetic and/or pathological) processes. It is interesting to me that the "crab" (symbol) often is associated with cancer. Of the animals I have studied, crabs appear to exhibit the least amounts of normal intelligence (Smith, 2007; Smith, 2008). Likewise, parsimony associated with cancers reveal significant differences from parsimony associated with normal genetic processes.<br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> <br style="mso-special-character:line-break"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Arial">Roulette Wm. Smith, Ph.D. - Director</span></span><span style="font-family:Arial"><br> <span class="apple-style-span">Institute for Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Studies</span><br> <span class="apple-style-span">P. O. Box 60846</span><br> <span class="apple-style-span">Palo Alto, CA 94306 USA</span><br> <span class="apple-style-span">(650) 493-0200 Voicemail only</span><br> <span class="apple-style-span">LinkedIn: <a target="_blank" href="http://www.linkedin.com/pub/roulette-wm-smith/8/ab9/255/"><span style="mso-bookmark:webProfileURL">www.linkedin.com/pub/roulette-wm-smith/8/ab9/255/</span><span style="mso-bookmark:webProfileURL"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:
webProfileURL"></span><br> <span class="apple-style-span">Email:najms@postgraduate-interdisciplinary-studies.org</span><br> <span class="apple-style-span">Email: najms@humanized-technologies.com</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Arial">References</span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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</xml><![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Buck, L., and Axel, R. (1991). A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: A molecular basis for odor recognition, <i>Cell</i> 65(1), 175-187.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">McClintock, B. (1950). The Origin and behavior of mutable loci in maize. <i>Proceedings of the National </i></span><i><span style="font-family:Arial">Academy</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> of </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">Sciences</span><span style="font-family:
Arial"> (</span><span style="font-family:Arial">USA</span></i><span style="font-family:Arial"><i>)</i> 36, 344-355.</span><br><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Pattison, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">I.</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> H., and Jones, K. M. (1967). The possible nature of the transmissible agent of scrapie. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Veterinary Record</i> 80(1), 2-9.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span></p> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";
mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">Pattison, </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;mso-fareast-font-family:
"MS Mincho";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:JA;mso-bidi-language:
AR-SA">I.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
mso-fareast-font-family:"MS Mincho";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
JA;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"> H., and Jones, K. M. (1968). <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Detection of the Scrapie Agent in Tissues of Normal Mice and in Tumours of Tumour-bearing but Otherwise Normal Mice, </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Nature</i> 218, 102-104</span><span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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<![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:9.0pt;text-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Pattison, </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">I.</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> H. (1982).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Scrapie a “gene”? <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">Nature</i> 299(5880), 200.</span></p> <span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family:Arial">Sigurdsson, B. (1954a). Mædi, a slow progressive pneumonia of sheep: An epizoological and a pathological study, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">British Veterinary </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Jo</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">urnal</span></i><span style="font-family:Arial"> 110:254-70.</span><span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><br><span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial"></span><span style="font-family:Arial">Sigurdsson, B. (1954b). Paratuberculosis (</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Jo</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">hne's disease) of sheep in </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Iceland</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">British Veterinary </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Jo</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">urnal</span></i><span style="font-family:
Arial">; 110:307-22.</span> <span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><br><span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial"></span><span style="font-family:Arial">Sigurdsson, B. (1954c). Rida, a chronic encephalitis of sheep, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">British Veterinary </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Jo</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">urnal</span></i> 110:341-54.<span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.25in;_no_-indent:-.25in"><span style="font-family:Arial"><br></span></p> <p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. D. (1984). Quanta: The AIDS Elephant. The Sciences (March/April), p.8-10.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1973). Modeling Instruction Using Computer Generated Dialogue. Ph.D. Thesis, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">School</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> of </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">Education</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Stanford</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">University</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">. </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Ann Arbor</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">MI</span><span style="font-family:Arial">: University Microfilms, pp. i-x,1-313.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1973). The OMBUDSMAN:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>A Computer Model of Dialogue in Instruction and Conflict Mediation. In <i>Artificial and Human Thinking</i> (edited by A. Elithorn & D. Jones).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Arial">Amsterdam</span><span style="font-family:Arial">:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Elsevier Publishing Company, pp. 114-124. {In Proceedings of a NATO Symposium entitled Human Thinking: Computer Techniques for its Evaluation [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">St. Maximin</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">FRANCE</span><span style="font-family:
Arial"> — August, 1971].}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1979). Long-Term Memories: Where Does the 'Buck' Stop? — Toward a Testable Theory of Debugging the Molecular Basis of Long-Term Memories in Living Organisms. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Abstracts</i>, Seventh Meeting of the International Society for Neurochemistry [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Jerusalem</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">ISRAEL</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — September 2-6], p. 590.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1982). Alternative Futures in American Education:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Some Fundamental Changes and Changes in Fundamentals.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><i>Cultural Futures Research</i> VII(1):31-45.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1983). How Would You Recognize and Detect a Virally Modified Code? Could Kuru be Caused by Cannibalism of Autotoxic Factors in Brain and Lymphoid Tissue? Does Purification of Molecular Function Differ from Purification of Molecular Structure? *** A Critique of Impure Reasoning in Biological Sciences.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Abstracts</i>, 7th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Salzburg</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">AUSTRIA</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — July] 4:358-362.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1984). AIDS and 'Slow Viruses'. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Annals of the </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">New York</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Academy</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> of Sciences</span></i><span style="font-family:Arial"> 437:576-607. Based on a presentation to the Conference on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), <i>New York Academy of Sciences</i> [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">New York</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">NY</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — November 1983].</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1985). The Role of Retroviruses in AIDS and Slow Infections.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Retroviruses and Human Patholog</i>y (edited by R. C. Gallo, D. Stehelin & O. Varnier).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Arial">Clifton</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">NJ</span><span style="font-family:Arial">:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The Humana Press Inc., pp 409-413. {Poster presentation at the International Symposium on Retroviruses and Human Pathology [Lerici (</span><span style="font-family:Arial">La Spezia</span><span style="font-family:Arial">), </span><span style="font-family:Arial">ITALY</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — September, 1984].}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1987). The National Impact of Negativistic Leadership: A Need for National Caveats Emptor. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Abstracts</i>, 1987 Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Anaheim</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">CA</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — March 26-28], p. 28.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1988). Transmissible Negativism and Its Possible Relation to Irrational Behavior and Poor Common Sense.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Abstracts</i>, XXIVth International Congress of Psychology [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Sydney</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">AUSTRALIA</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — August 29-September 2], #T217 (volume 4).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (1992). <i>The National Impact of Negativistic Leadership: A Need for National Caveats Emptor (final draft of book outline).<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Institute for Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Studies</i>, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Palo Alto</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, CA. [Published </span><span style="font-family:Arial">May 12, 1992</span><span style="font-family:Arial">]</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><br><span style="font-family:Arial"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. Wm. (2001). Opinion: The </span><span style="font-family:Arial">Durban</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> Declaration. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">The Scientist</i> 15(2):39. [Also available at:<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span><a target="_blank" href="http://www.the-scientist.com/yr2001/jan/opin_010122.html">http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/13211/title/The-Durban-Declaration/</a>].</span> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. Wm. (2003a). Revisiting the Molecular Biology, Genetics and Genomics of Long-Term Memory in Living Systems. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Abstracts</i>, XIX International Congress of Genetics [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Melbourne</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">AUSTRALIA</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> – July 6-11], Abstract #5.C.0802, p. 133.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. Wm. (2003b). Autovirulence – An Epigenetic Model of Molecular Mimicry in Living Systems: Broad Implications for Aberrant Translation Products and Autoimmunity. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Abstracts</i>, XIX International Congress of Genetics [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Melbourne</span><span style="font-family:
Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">AUSTRALIA</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> – July 6-11], Abstract #2.G.246, p. 225.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. Wm. (2007). A Transpersonal Approach to Helping Unknowingly Needy and Worried Well Persons: An Example of In Situ Diagnoses and Follow-Up in the Study of Common Sense and Aberrant Common Sense in Post-World War II Germany, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Karl Jaspers Forum</i> Target Article 100 (December 15, 2007; available online at <<a href="http://www.kjf.ca/100-TASMI.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.kjf.ca/100-TASMI.pdf</a>>).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. Wm. (2008). Common Sense – Its Development and Disorders, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">ExtraOrdinary Technology</i> 6(2-Apr/May/Jun):49-64 (expanded version of this article is available online at <<a href="http://www.teslatech.info/ttmagazine/v6n2/v6n2smith.pdf" target="_blank">http://www.teslatech.info/ttmagazine/v6n2/v6n2smith.pdf</a>>).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. Wm. (2009).<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal"> Inferring an Autovirulent Epigenetic Etiology for the Autism Spectrum and Schizophrenia</i>. </span><span style="font-family:
Arial">Palo Alto</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">CA</span><span style="font-family:Arial">: Institute for Postgraduate Interdisciplinary Studies.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. (2011). RE: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:
normal">CHAOPSYC Digest</i> - </span><span style="font-family:Arial">2 Jan 2011</span><span style="font-family:
Arial"> to </span><span style="font-family:Arial">3 Jan 2011</span><span style="font-family:
Arial"> (#2011-3) -- Syntropy, Permutation Entropy and Inverse Genomic Codons. Posted on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">CHAOPSYC</i>, the Society for Chaos Theory in Psychology and the Life Sciences listserv (see <<a href="http://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind1101&L=CHAOPSYC&P=R1088&D=0&T=0" target="_blank">http://list.uvm.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind1101&L=CHAOPSYC&P=R1088&D=0&T=0</a>>; </span><span style="font-family:Arial">January 4, 2011</span><span style="font-family:Arial">).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W., Rouse, R., Pearson, G. & Hu, C. (1984a). Evidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Kaposi's Sarcoma. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Clinical Research</i> 32(2):615A (abstract).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W., Rouse, R., Pearson, G. & Hu, C. (1984b). Evidence of Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Kaposi's Sarcoma. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">J. Investigative Dermatology</i> 82(4):423 (abstract). {Presentation to Annual Meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology [</span><span style="font-family:Arial">Washington</span><span style="font-family:Arial">, </span><span style="font-family:Arial">DC</span><span style="font-family:Arial"> — May].}</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Smith, R. W. and Shadel, R. R. (2010). Preliophic Moleculator Using Electric Fields and Gradients for Manipulating Molecules. US Patent #7,826,974 B2 (</span><span style="font-family:Arial">November 2, 2010</span><span style="font-family:Arial">; also see <<a target="_blank" href="http://www.academia.edu/4222894/US_Patent_7_826_974_B2_-_Preliophic_Moleculator_Using_Electric_Fields_and_Gradients_for_Manipulating_Molecules">http://www.academia.edu/4222894/US_Patent_7_826_974_B2_-_Preliophic_Moleculator_Using_Electric_Fields_and_Gradients_for_Manipulating_Molecules</a>>).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"> </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;
margin-left:9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt;_no_-indent:-9.0pt"><span style="font-family:Arial">Tonegawa, S., Maxam, A. M., Tizard, R., et al. (1978). Sequence of a mouse germ-line gene for a variable region of an immunoglobulin light chain. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Proceedings of the National </i></span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Academy</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> of </span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">Sciences</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial"> (</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">USA</span></i><i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-family:Arial">)</span></i><span style="font-family:Arial"> 75:1485-1489. </span></p><!--[if !mso]><object
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<![endif]--><blockquote>--- Original message --- <br><b>Subject:</b> [Fis] Chuan's reply12 - THE FRONTIERS OF INTELLIGENCE SCIENCE -more and enough dimentions <br><b>From:</b> 赵川 <zhaoc@cdut.edu.cn> <br><b>To:</b> <joe.brenner@bluewin.ch>, Pedro C. Marijuan <pcmarijuan.iacs@aragon.es> <br><b>Cc:</b> =?UTF-8?Q?FIS=E8=AE=BA=E5=9D=9B?= <fis@listas.unizar.es> <br><b>Date:</b> Sunday, 29/03/2015 8:18 AM<br><br><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font>Dear Joseph, Pedro and the leaguers, <o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font><span style="mso-tab-count: 1"> </span>Just as Pedro emphasized, the evolutionary dimension or say biography dimension of intelligence discussion, I have many want to say with this point. <o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font>1.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span><font>I think of <span style="COLOR: #333333">Eric R Kandel( 1929</span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; COLOR: #333333; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">～</span><font><span style="COLOR: #333333">). In his</span><span> own academic story, he described: while he first went to Prof. Grundfest’s laboratory in 1955. He said he want to know where the Id, ego and superego in Freud’s theorem are in brain. Instead of laughing at him, the teacher told him the strategy of brain study as every time one cell. Finally Kandel’s research was prized by Nobel Prize, though he can not straightly answer his first will yet.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font>2.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><font><span>Brain Science has many achievements. But we have not absorbed these achievements enough. Once I am amazing and deep inspired while I learned one discover of Kandel: within the memory process there are protein formed! That is great- the bridge of matter and mind! </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-list: Ignore"><font>3.</font><span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font>Another amazing and enjoy was while I study Joseph’s thesis he send to me: oh, it is so nice and interesting that this scholar study “forget”! Pedro mentioned: Otherwise we leave “empty”. That is good idea – I welcome it very much for “empty” is the superiority in orient. Beside the two fields are mentioned we can gain some in methodology: Memory – forget; exist – empty, add Rafael’s intelligence – stupidity, all are symmetry dimensions measures to approach Intelligence/Information, symmetry is a kind of manner, symmetry study is an engine of thought. All such effort are strutting the space of Intelligence study space till it is big enough. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font>There are another such issues later.<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><o:p><font> </font></o:p></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0" class="MsoListParagraph" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font>Best regards, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font>Chuan<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><p style="TEXT-ALIGN: left; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><font>March 29, 2015<o:p></o:p></font></span></p><span></span></blockquote><br></div></div></div>
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